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MCQ3
1.
The inferior vena cava (IVC) is scanned using a transverse plane through the abdomen. It appears (incorrectly) to be doubled. The likely cause of this artifact is:
a) slice thickness
b) reflection
c) refraction
d) scattering
2.
A typical pulse duration in ultrasound is:
a) 0.5 microsecond
b) 5.0 milliseconds
c) 0.5 milliseconds
d) 5.0 microseconds
3.
The maximum increase and decrease of pressure in the patient's tissues caused by ultrasound is referred to as the:
a) power
b) energy
c) amplitude
d) wavelength
4.
The spatial resolution of 3-dimensional ultrasound images is often considerably poorer than the resolution of standard 2-dimensional images. The reason for this is:
a) reverberation
b) slice thickness
c) the temporal resolution is worse in 3D imaging
d) the transmit pulse duration is larger in 3D imaging
5.
The term duty factor refers to:
a) the PRF divided by the ultrasound frequency
b) the percentage of the overall examination time for which the probe is in contact with the patient
c) the transmit pulse duration divided by the period of the ultrasound wave
d) the transmit pulse duration divided by the time between one transmit pulse and the next
6.
If the depth of focus is decreased the time delays used to focus the ultrasound beam will:
a) decrease
b) increase
c) depend on the ultrasound frequency being used
d) stay the same
7.
Compared with an image acquired with a dynamic range of 60 dB an image acquired with a dynamic range of 30 dB will generally be:
a) more black-and-white and grainy and it will show more artifact echoes
b) more black-and-white and grainy and it will show less artifact echoes
c) less black-and-white and grainy and it will show less artifact echoes
d) less black-and-white and grainy and it will show more artifact echoes
8.
Attenuation can be caused by:
a) reflection, scattering and beam divergence
b) beam divergence
c) reflection and scattering
d) none of these
9.
Power mode colour Doppler can be useful because:
a) it is not affected by aliasing
b) all of these
c) it can display blood flowing at 90 degrees to the beam
d) it is better able to detect weak Doppler signals than conventional colour Doppler
10.
Contrast resolution can often be improved by:
a) placing the focus at the maximum depth of the image
b) reducing the gain until the weakest echoes are barely visible
c) using harmonics to reduce image artifacts
d) increasing the PRF
11.
Spectral pulsed Doppler processing in the ultrasound machine includes:
a) autocorrelation, wall filter and spectral analysis
b) a range gate, autocorrelation and wall filter
c) a range gate, autocorrelation and spectral analysis
d) a range gate, wall filter and spectral analysis
12.
In clinical practice Doppler angles of more than 60 degrees are avoided because:
a) the accuracy of velocity measurements is poor
b) frequency aliasing is more likely to occur
c) it is difficult in practice to achieve these angles in peripheral vessels
d) the intensity of the Doppler spectral trace is too weak for reliable measurements
13.
If a low resistance circulation is compared with a high resistance circulation in the same patient:
a) the rate of blood flow is higher in the high resistance circulation
b) the rate of blood flow is higher in the low resistance circulation
c) the rate of blood flow will be the same in both but the arterial pressure will be higher in the low resistance circulation
d) pulsatile flow patterns will only be seen in the low resistance circulation
14.
The most commonly used type of probe for cardiac imaging is:
a) linear array
b) phased array
c) transoesophageal (TO or TE) probe
d) curved array
15.
Echo enhancement in images indicates the presence of tissues which have:
a) low attenuation
b) low density
c) low acoustic impedance
d) low propagation speed
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